This publication provides examples of how countries have used their Technology Needs Assessments, and specifically their Technology Action Plans, to advance implementation for environmentally sound technologies for mitigation and adaptation. It provides country-based examples from different regions and covers a range of sectors for both adaptation and mitigation. This publication seeks to highlight how Technology Needs Assessments and Action Plans have been brought forward by countries, from developing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, to implementing hardware, such as rainwater harvesting, on the ground. What becomes clear from all of the examples, however, is that Technology Needs Assessments have provided an effective and solid foundation upon which countries can both scale-up and implement action on environmentally sound technologies for mitigation and adaptation.