This paper synthesises insights from three seminars/webinars organised as part of the Danish ISGAN Annex 7 project during 2017-21 (see below). It reviews the academic and policy literature, and draws on the diverse expertise of the authors within transitions management, smart grid, energy-system integration, and flexibility. While the empirical experiences reported on are mainly drawn from Nordic and other European contexts, it is our hope that readers from other regions will also find the insights of relevance.