• Publication 7 December 2022 Ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from a field Ultisol amended with tithonia green manure, urea, and biochar Short-term mitigation of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by biochar soil amendments has been reported, but limited knowledge of the mechanisms, particularly those associated with long term changes, remain relatively unknown. In order to investigate potential mechanisms and residual effect of biochar on NH3 and N2O emission, a 3-year field trial was set up on an Ultisol in western Kenya with a three-replicate full factorial treatment structure. The factors investigated include…
• Publication 6 December 2022 The co-evolution of learning mechanisms and technological capabilities: Lessons from energy technologies in emerging economies Despite a voluminous literature on firm-level technological capability building in developing countries, there is still limited knowledge about the relative importance of different learning mechanisms as firms deepen their technological capabilities. To address this knowledge gap, this paper investigates the sources of learning used by firms in the Malaysian biomass boiler industry and the Chinese wind turbine industry enabling them to advance from production capabilities to innovative…
• Publication 6 December 2022 The nexus between nationally determined contributions and technology needs assessments: a global analysis The role of technology in combatting climate change through mitigation and adaptation to its inevitable impacts has been acknowledged and highlighted by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In the developing world, this has received particular attention through the technology needs assessment (TNA) process. As Parties put forward their national pledges to combat climate change, the scarcity of resources makes it important to assess (i) whether…
• Publication 4 December 2022 Measures for diffusion of solar PV in selected African countries This paper investigates how African governments are considering supporting and promoting the diffusion of solar PV. This issue is explored by examining so-called ‘technology action plans (TAPs)’, which were main outputs of the Technology Needs Assessment project implemented in 10 African countries from 2010 to 2013. The paper provides a review of three distinct but characteristic trajectories for PV market development in Kenya (private-led market for solar home systems), Morocco (utility-led…
• Publication 30 November 2022 Measuring road space consumption by transport modes: Toward a standard spatial efficiency assessment method and an application to the development scenarios of Rajkot City, India The space “consumed” by various urban passenger transport modes varies greatly depending on the size and the speed of vehicles. Past studies have shown that public transport (PT) and non-motorized transport (NMT) can be up to 20 times more space-efficient compared to a typical car. This optimal use of space is of relevance in an urban context where space is often a constrained resource. Yet space used by vehicles is rarely assessed in the practice of transport planning. There exists no standard…
• Publication 29 November 2022 Electric vehicles and India's low carbon passenger transport: A long-term co-benefits assessment Electric vehicles have attracted the attention of India’s policy makers as clean technology alternatives due to their multiple advantages like higher efficiency and lower air pollution in short to medium term and reduced CO2 emissions as electricity gets decarbonized in the long-run under low carbon scenarios. This paper uses an energy system model ANSWER-MARKAL to analyse the role of electric vehicles (EV) in India. The modelling assessment spans the period 2010 to 2050 and analyses future EV…
• Publication 29 November 2022 Evaluating multiple bioclimatic risks using Bayesian belief network to support urban tree management under climate change Understanding the vulnerability of trees affected by climate change is a key requirement for identifying management priorities and suggesting suitable urban tree species. To measure such vulnerability under changing climate conditions, indicators of bioclimatic characteristics should be identified and evaluated using past and current geographic growth ranges. However, although climate events often occur simultaneously (e.g., frost and drought), and management issues in this regard need to be…
• Publication 29 November 2022 Identities, interests, and preferences matter: Fostering sustainable community development by building assets and agency in western Kenya The efficiency and sustainability of climate change adaptation projects depend on appropriate models and tools to take climate-smart practices to scale. This paper presents the “Building assets and agency” approach taken by the Accelerating Adoption of Agroforestry project whose objective is to scale the adoption of context-specific adaptation and mitigation options. Through the approach, communities are encouraged to identify, mobilise, and use their existing assets to define community plans…

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