• Publication 16 August 2021 Who participates in and drives collective action initiatives for a low carbon energy transition? Broad acceptance by and support from the society for the sustainable energy transition is indispensable. Public participation and ownership – in particular through collective action initiatives – is seen as a means to foster this support. Starting with the origin of the cooperative model, we present how it has been evolving until today. We then discuss how energy CAIs are classified and discuss the legal underpinnings and how they related to democratic participation of the membership within…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Implementing nationally determined contributions (NDCs) HIGHLIGHTSHow countries’ nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are implemented and improved upon over time will determine whether the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement is achieved. Each country will prepare for and implement its NDC in different ways, based on the nature of its NDC, how the NDC was first developed, and its national circumstances. Nevertheless, this report identifies some common features of the NDC implementation process: • Preparing for NDC implementation…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Climate change-induced loss and damage in small-island developing states in the Pacific: a scan of the scientific literature This document synthesises the key findings of just over a hundred documents in the scientific literature. It has been prepared as input to one of the activities undertaken in the European Union-funded SINCERE project (http://www.jpi-climate.eu/sincere). The document consists of two sections. The first section outlines the process followed to select the literature, and gives and overview of the documents reviewed. Details are provided in Annex 1 and Annex 2, respectively. The second section…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Blockchain and Tokenized Securities: The Potential for Green Finance Green investment vehicles are limited by multiple market failures, such as high transaction costs for certification and monitoring, and high minimum investment sizes. In this exploratory study, we apply an inductive approach based on qualitative evidence from expert feedback to assess the potential of blockchain-based security tokens to address these market failures. The tokenization of real assets or debt/equity instruments reduces transaction costs throughdisintermediation and automation,…
• Publication 16 August 2021 La renegociación del T-MEC: ¿ventana de oportunidad para la integración de cambio climático?
• Publication 16 August 2021 Collective Action Initiatives. Some theoretical perspectives and a working definition
• Publication 16 August 2021 Surmonter les barrières au transfert et à la diffusion des technologies climatiques, seconde édition
• Publication 16 August 2021 Actors, Agency and Politics in Sustainability Transitions: Evolution of the solar PV market in East Africa Access to clean, reliable and affordable energy services is fundamental to economic and social well-being. Yet nearly 600 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa lack access to electricity. International commitments aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring universal access to energy services, principally the Paris Agreement of the UN Climate Change Convention and the UN SE4ALL Sustainable Development Goal 7, have created a momentum for African countries to transition to more…

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