Showing 617 - 624 of 3625 results
- Publication 5 December 2022 Implications of the international reduction pledges on long-term energy system changes and costs in China and India This paper analyses the impact of postponing global mitigation action on abatement costs and energy systems changes in China and India. It compares energy-system changes and mitigation costs from a global and two national energy-system models under two global emission pathways with medium likelihood of meeting the 2 1C target: a least-cost pathway and a pathway that postpones ambitious mitigation action, starting from the Copenhagen Accord pledges. Both pathways have similar 2010–2050cumulative…
- Publication 5 December 2022 Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Methanol Ignition and Oxidation at High Pressure A detailed chemical kinetic model for oxidation of CH3OH at high pressure and intermediate temperatures has been developed and validated experimentally. Ab initio calculations and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus/transition state theory (RRKM/TST) analysis were used to obtain rate coefficients for CH 2 OH ⇌ CH 2O+H, CH 3O⇌ CH 2O+H, CH 3O⇌ CH 2 OH , and CH 3O+O2⇌ CH 2O+ HO 2. The experiments, involving CH3OH/O2 mixtures diluted in N2, were carried out in a high‐pressure flow reactor at 600–900 K…
- Publication 4 December 2022 Approaches to formalization of the informal waste sector into municipal solid waste management systems in low- and middle-income countries: Review of barriers and success factors The Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) sector represents a major challenge for low-and middle-income countries due to significant environmental and socioeconomic issues involving rapid urbanization, their MSWM systems, and the existence of the informal waste sector. Recognizing its role, several countries have implemented various formalization measures, aiming to address the social problems linked to this sector. However, regardless of these initiatives, not all attempts at formalization…
- Publication 4 December 2022 Measures for diffusion of solar PV in selected African countries This paper investigates how African governments are considering supporting and promoting the diffusion of solar PV. This issue is explored by examining so-called ‘technology action plans (TAPs)’, which were main outputs of the Technology Needs Assessment project implemented in 10 African countries from 2010 to 2013. The paper provides a review of three distinct but characteristic trajectories for PV market development in Kenya (private-led market for solar home systems), Morocco (utility-led…
- Publication 2 December 2022 Between fragmented authoritarianism and policy coordination: Creating a Chinese market for wind energy
- Podcast 2 December 2022 Energy Efficiency: From the Boiler Room to the Board Room Problem: Energy efficiency can enable more than 40% of the required GHG reductions to achieve global climate goals without requiring new technology breakthroughs. Improved energy efficiency has the potential to create new jobs, foster innovation, improve the productive use of electricity -i.e., cooling, clean cooking, lighting, heating, mobility, etc.- and boost economic growth. Energy efficiency is the fastest and most cost-effective way to reduce fossil fuel demand and build a cleaner and…
- Publication 30 November 2022 Development and Climate Change: A Mainstreaming Approach for Assessing Economic, Social, and Environmental Impacts of Adaptation Measures The paper introduces the so-called climate change mainstreaming approach, where vulnerability and adaptation measures are assessed in the context of general development policy objectives. The approach is based on the application of a limited set of indicators. These indicators are selected as representatives of focal development policy objectives, and a stepwise approach for addressing climate change impacts, development linkages, and the economic, social and environmental dimensions related to…
- Publication 30 November 2022 Addressing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Together: A Global Assessment of Agriculture and Forestry Projects Adaptation and mitigation share the ultimate purpose of reducing climate change impacts. However, they tend to be considered separately in projects and policies because of their different objectives and scales. Agriculture and forestry are related to both adaptation and mitigation: they contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and removals, are vulnerable to climate variations, and form part of adaptive strategies for rural livelihoods. We assessed how climate change project design documents …