• Publication 16 August 2021 Reporting adaptation through the biennial transparency report: A practical explanation of the guidance Acknowledging that climate action is urgently needed, the Paris Agreement – adopted in 2015 – establishes a series of long-term goals across climate change mitigation, adaptation, and the provision of support. Unlike under its predecessor,the Kyoto Protocol, the contributions of countries party to the agreement towards achieving the Paris Agreement’s goals are self-determined, i.e. countries decide on how and to what extent they reduce their national GHG emissions, implement adaptation, and…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Deep decarbonisation of iron and steel industry in the age of global supply chain– issues and solutions Deep decarbonisation of the global manufacturing sector is needed to achieve the climate targets under the Paris Agreement. As of September 2019, 77 countries have announced targets to be carbon neutral by 2050. However, in the age ofglobalisation, countries are concerned that decarbonisation leads to cost increases for industries, companies will move their production bases to countries with less strict energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission regulations. Such relocation of…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Nordic Capacity-Building Support to LDCs and SIDS for the Implementation of the Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement Developing countries often lack the technical capacity, tools and robust institutional frameworks to enable regular reporting on the implementation progress of the Paris Agreement. Reporting is crucial for creating national and global overview of the mitigation efforts, adaptation plans and support needed and received towards enhanced climate ambitions. The Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) was established to build mutual trust and confidence, allow comparability and ensure accountability…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Energy–Climate–Economy–Population Nexus: An Empirical Analysis in Kenya, Senegal, and Eswatini Motivated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its impact by 2030, this study examines the relationship between energy consumption (SDG 7), climate (SDG 13), economic growth and population in Kenya, Senegal and Eswatini. We employ a Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) machine learning technique and econometric methods such as Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) regression, the Mean-Group (MG) and Pooled Mean-Group (PMG) estimation…
• Publication 16 August 2021 A methodological framework to assess the gaps from national energy efficiency policies to local actions within a multilevel governance system The role of cities has recently gained attention in the global energy arena, for instance when a delegation of 25 cities pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050 during COP23. Scientific evidence shows that cities are essential partners to work with to achieve a sustainable energy transition, while organisations such as Covenant of Mayors, ICLEI and C40 are supporting the movement towards a larger inclusion of local institutions. Historically, local governments were considered policy-takers, as…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Determinants of successful delivery by non-state actors: an exploratory study Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are giving an increasingly prominent role to non-state actor action. Reflecting this development, significant research efforts have gone into studying non-state actor actions. However, the literature shows a paucity of studies of the determinants of delivery by non-state actors. The article asks the following question: what is the full range of determinants of delivery by non-state actor focused on adaptation to climate change…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Policy transfer processes and renewable energy penetration: a comparative analysis of Peru, Thailand, and Uganda Low-carbon technologies must be widely adopted at a large scale to address climate change and enhance access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy. The uptake of those technologies is often supported by specific policies developed at a national or regional level and those policies, like the technologies themselves, can diffuse from one place to another. This paper sheds some light on this ‘policy transfer’ and investigates the dynamics, the actors and the processes involved. We…
• Publication 16 August 2021 Clean captive power: Understanding the uptake and growth of commercial and industrial (C&I) solar PV in Kenya The UNEP-DTU Partnership, with support from DANIDA, is implementing a three-year project, The Technology, Markets and Investment for Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Development (TEMARIN) in two African countries, namely Kenya and Uganda. This project aims to: 1) analyse successful case studies of market-led interventions and mechanisms in Kenya, and identify key learnings; 2) support technology transfer partnerships in respect of a selected climate mitigation and adaptation technology in…

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