Map of countries’ technology priorities
Afghanistan
Key technology needs include improved water management, such as rainwater harvesting and micro-irrigation, and technologies to support the agriculture sector, including those resistant to climate change and renewable energy solutions like solar technology. The process identifies barriers, like a lack of trained staff and funding, and proposes solutions such as training programs and financial aid.
Antigua and Barbuda
Buildings, water and transport sectors were chosen as priorities for the TNA process. The initial step aimed at prioritising adaptation and mitigation technologies for Antigua and Barbuda, and identifying and assessing climate-smart technologies that would aid in achieving targets outlined in the INDCs, increasing overall resilience to the negative impacts of climate change and supporting the national development agenda.
Argentina
The TNA discovered an important technological gap in Argentina’s meteorological stations were checked only periodically, making data unreliable. Continuous data collection to provide reliable data became vital for introducing accurate adaptation measures.
Armenia
One of the main risks identified with attempts to introduce many technologies is a lack of interest on the part of both communities and relevant decision-makers. The TNA’s stakeholder-driven approach has addressed these barriers and triggered both interest and knowledge generation among decision-makers and communities.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan’s first TNA showed that biogas, together with the other prioritized technologies in the commercial and residential sectors, has the potential to reduce emissions by a total of 32.7 mtCO2e by 2030. In particular the establishment of grid-connected wind power and the introduction of biogas will greatly reduce emissions while at the same time boosting the development of the alternative energy sector, enabling a shift in energy sources from oil and gas to wind.
Bahamas
The Bahamas completed their participation in the TNA IV in 2024.
Bahrain
The Kingdom of Bahrain joined the Global TNA Project in 2025, and is currently assessing adaptation and mitigation climate technologies that can strengthen climate action and resilience.
Bangladesh
Among the outcomes from Bangladesh's TNA are several Technology Action Plans, which propose detailed actions necessary for the diffusion of technology.
Belize
Many of Belize's villages experience unreliable access to water and variable water quality. The Technology Action Plan proposes a pilot project to establish a rudimentary water system that will benefit 19,500 Belizeans. Depending on the project's success, the technology will be extended to the remaining villages.
Benin
Benin is began its TNA in 2020 and finalized the project in 2023, strengthening the countries efforts towards climate action.
Bhutan
The Climate Technology Centre and Network supported Bhutan through training and field visits on Intelligent Transport Systems, as well as with additional training on developing a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action for furthering Intelligent Transport System implementation.
Burkina Faso
Three out of four technologies prioritized in the TNA were closely linked to the family farm.
Burundi
Burundi’s TNA culminated in the making of two Technology Action Plans. In line with existing national strategies, the agriculture and water sectors were chosen as the priority sectors for technology transfers.
Cambodia
As part of its TNA, Cambodia has formulated Technology Action Plans for each of the prioritized technologies, specifying activities and enabling frameworks to facilitate the successful adoption and implementation of the most relevant technologies.
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic joined TNA Phase III and finalised its TNA in 2023.
Chad
Soil degradation and deforestation further weaken ecosystems, while flash floods periodically damage infrastructure and homes. These compounding effects make Chad highly vulnerable, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable water management, reforestation, and climate adaptation strategies to protect communities.
Colombia
The TNA highlighted the financial limitations that Colombia’s small and medium enterprises face when investing in new technologies. To overcome this barrier, a system of financial incentives has been put in place to better support small and medium enterprises in making the necessary investments in sustainable technological solutions.
Comoros
The Comoros started on its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project, at which point it has decided its priority sectors and technologies for both mitigation and adaptation. Over the past years, the country assessed barriers and identified measures for priority technologies. Comoros successfully completed its TNA in 2024.
Cook Islands
The TNA sought to analyse which technologies could strengthen climate resilience in key sectors. Waste and transport were selected for mitigation, and coastal zones and agriculture were selected for adaptation respectively.
Costa Rica
The TNA has identified several technologies that will enable a more resilient agriculture sector to emerge through projects such as the collection of rainwater for use in irrigation systems.
Cote d'Ivoire
Côte d’Ivoire is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change due to its geographical location, its economic structure, and its poor preparation to deal with the harmful effects of climate change.
Cuba
The TNA highlighted efficient and effective irrigation systems as a crucial technology, and the Technology Action Plan proposes a project to replace ineffective and wasteful irrigation systems in 130,000 ha from 2012 to 2016.
Djibouti
Djibouti started on its TNA process in 2018 as part of the TNA III project, at which point it has decided its priority sectors and technologies for both mitigation and adaptation. Over the past years, the country assessed barriers and identified measures for priority technologies. Djibouti successfully completed its TNA in 2023.
Dominica
Dominica has joined the TNA Phase III in 2018 and completed the project in 2023.
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic’s Technology Action Plan details the steps needed to disseminate rehabilitation technology for wastewater treatment plants using artificial wetlands.
Ecuador
Ecuador’s Technology Action Plan outlines several projects, all tackling the pressing issues of water management, particularly with regard to irrigation for farming
El Salvador
Infrastructure too is being challenged by extreme events, with several hundred bridges collapsing and houses being damaged by hurricanes and landslides in their thousands.
Eritrea
By participating in the TNA Eritrea will be better able to identify climate technologies that can help the country in meeting its mitigation and adaptation targets within relevant priority sectors.
Eswatini
Eswatini has large quantities of renewable biomass resources, and some companies from its sugar and timber industries are already using biomass combined heat and power technology.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia started its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project, and has prioritised the Agriculture and Water sectors for adaptation, and the Livestock and Forestry sectors for mitigation.
Federated States of Micronesia
FSM’s freshwater supply is at risk from saltwater intrusion, exacerbating the already existing water scarcity. Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as typhoons, which endanger lives, damage properties, and disrupt the economy.
Fiji
Fiji completed its TNA in 2024. The project supported the country in identifying key technologies that can strengthen Fiji’s resilience to climate change, as well as mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
Gambia
Gambia’s TNA prioritizes sustainable sand-management technology, the aim being to establish this technology on 69 km of open coastline and 200 km of sheltered coastline.
Georgia
The implementation of Georgia’s identified priority technologies has a potential to lead to significant reductions in GHG emissions, as well as increased resilience.
Ghana
Ghana’s natural resource wealth and its strong focus on the development of human capital have laid the foundations for a long period of sustained growth. Climate change is threatening Ghana’s growth by affecting some of its key economic sectors, such as agriculture, tourism and energy.
Grenada
The implementation of Grenada’s prioritized technologies identified through the TNA has a potential to lead to significant greenhouse gas reductions, as well as building resilience in managing climate risks.
Guinea
The Guinea started on its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project, at which point it has decided its priority sectors and technologies for both mitigation and adaptation. Over the past years, the country assessed barriers and identified measures for priority technologies. Guinea successfully completed its TNA in 2024.
Guinea-Bissau
Among the consequences of climate change in Guinea-Bisau are a significant reduction in agricultural productivity and an exacerbation of water shortages.
Guyana
The implementation of priority technologies highlighted in the TNA offers significant benefits. However, several barriers inhibit the successful transfer and adoption of the prioritized technologies.
Haiti
Haiti is completed its TNA in 2023.
Honduras
One of technologies highlighted by the TNA was the use of biodigesters, as they have great potential in managing manure to control the amount of methane released into the atmosphere.
Indonesia
The TNA highlighted drought- and flood-tolerant rice varieties as one of the priority technologies for Indonesia. The adoption of tolerant rice varieties has the potential to strengthen the resilience of the agriculture sector, improve food security and reduce poverty levels.
Jamaica
Jamaica has a goal of achieving 50% renewable energy by 2030, but had only about 7% of its energy mix from renewables as of 2021, indicating a need for accelerated adoption of clean energy solutions.
Jordan (test)
The TNA stresses the need for optimizing water usage in Jordan's agricultural sector by implementing drip- and subsurface irrigation. A project to introduce this technology aims at irrigating 60,000 ha by 2030 through capacity building programmes and attractive financial subsidies for farmers and land owners. Jordan is a dry country located in the Middle East just south of Syria. The recent…
Kazakhstan
Both water metering and irrigation were previously unused in Kazakhstan despite their great conservation potential, as agriculture accounts for 70% of total water consumption.
Kenya
Kenya's Technology Action Plans aims to pave the way for food provision for livestock and for expanding farming practices into arid and semi-arid areas through the use of technologies such as drip irrigation.
Kiribati
Kiribati aims to promote the use of renewable energy sources such as solar PV and mini-grids.
Lao PDR
Following floods and changes in climate, diseases emerge among humans, livestock and crops. In 2005 10,000 cases of disease were recorded as having been caused by climate change, stressing the need for an early warning system to notify the population of disasters in due time.
Lebanon
The TNA’s results were incorporated into the government’s plans tasked with improving water management.
Lesotho
The country’s NDC mentions both unconditional and conditional targets of 10% and 35% respectively in reducing GHG emissions by 2030 compared to the business-as-usual scenario.
Liberia
Building on TNA recommendations, Liberia has launched coastal protection projects.
Madagascar
The TNA prioritized bioplastics as a technology to support Madagascar’s mitigation efforts. The Technology Action Plans details a project in which the relevant stakeholders agreed to establish three bioplastic manufacturing units.
Malawi
Malawi has started its TNA process in 2018 as part of the TNA III project and completed it in 2023.
Maldives
The Maldives started on its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project and has concluded its work in December 2024.
Mali
The country aims to reduce its emissions by 31% for energy, 25% for agriculture, 39% for land use and forestry, and 31% for waste sectors by 2030.
Mauritania
Based on the outcomes of the TNA, a feasibility study was carried out highlighting the emission reduction potential of establishing solar power plants, a technology prioritized by the TNA.
Mauritius
The TNA has highlighted technologies to strengthen Mauritius’s climate resilience, such as micro-irrigation, leading to projects, among others, for the establishment of rooftop rainwater harvesting that looks to benefit 25,000 houses per year over a ten-year period.
Mongolia
The potential emissions reductions made achievable by using technologies that are more efficient is significant, but access to such technologies for these enterprises is challenged by their high investment costs.
Morocco
Morocco is committed to an unconditional emissions reduction target of 18.3% and a conditional target of 45.5% by 2030 as compared to a 2010 baseline.
Mozambique
The TNA has highlighted conservation agriculture as a prioritized technology. The Technology Action Plan outlines a project to scale up this technology by smallholders in arid and semi-arid areas, who are particularly vulnerable to drought.
Myanmar
Many of the drivers of poverty and potential growth opportunities in Myanmar are connected with water management within the agricultural sector, which it is aimed to improve.
Nauru
Nauru has joined the Global TNA Phase III and successfully completed the process in 2023.
Nepal
Nepal is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts and recent studies by the Asian Development Bank suggested Nepal faces losing 2.2% of annual GDP due to climate change by 2050.
Niger
Niger has started its TNA process in 2018 as part of the TNA III project and completed it in 2023.
Niue
Niue has started TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project and completed the process in 2025.
Pakistan
To update and strengthen the current technical capacity of Pakistan’s extreme weather technology, the TNA has outlined a project that aims to install two hundred automatic weather stations and five wind profilers, and automate fifty existing observatories.
Panama
The TNA has singled out the promotion of public policies as measure to foster changes in urban mobility and to encourage people to switch from private vehicles to public transport and to bicycles or walking for shorter distances.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea has started its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project and finalized the project in 2025.
Peru
In 2020, Peru submitted its updated NDC committing to reducing emissions between 30% to 40% by 2030 as compared to the business-as-usual scenario. The updated NDC has a strong focus on adaptation and covers actions related to water, fishing and aquaculture, forestry, agriculture, health, tourism, and transport.
Philippines
The Philippines’ NDC supports the country’s national development objectives and priorities of sustainable industrial development, poverty eradication and inclusive growth, energy security, and social and climate justice, and the transformation of its socio-economic sectors towards a climate and disaster-resilient and low carbon economy.
Republic of Moldova
The Government of Moldova implemented key elements of the TNA in the country’s health sector, following extreme heat experiences during the summer of 2016. Given the increased likelihood of similar extreme weather events in the future, the prime minister instructed the authorities to put in place more medical emergency care and rehabilitation measures, as proposed by the TNA. Thus, the TNA worked as a helpful tool in carrying out swift solutions through simple, low-cost technologies while at the same time building longer-term resilience to climate change.
Rwanda
Rwanda’s TNA highlighted off-grid hydropower systems as an important technology, which it showed is widely applicable throughout Rwanda, with the potential for the technology to be deployed on a large scale nationally.
São Tomé and Principe
The chosen sectors for adaptation were agroforestry and water, and for mitigation, energy and transport.
Senegal
Based on the outcomes from the TNA from 2012, several projects in the private and public spheres have been initiated to boost the renewable energy sector.
Seychelles
For Seychelles to withstand dry periods, the Technology Action Plan details actions for the diffusion of rooftop rainwater harvesting and water-efficient appliances with the goal of implementing the two technologies in 25,000 households over five years.
Sierra Leone
In 2025, Sierra Leone joined TNA Phase V, identifying and assessing climate technologies for priority adaptation and mitigation sectors, that can help the West African nation to strengthen climate resilience and raise ambition.
Somalia
Somalia started on its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project, at which point it has decided its priority sectors and technologies for both mitigation and adaptation. Over the past years, the country assessed barriers and identified measures for priority technologies. Somalia successfully completed its TNA in 2024.
South Sudan
South Sudan started on its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project, at which point it has decided its priority sectors and technologies for both mitigation and adaptation. Over the past years, the country assessed barriers and identified measures for priority technologies. South Sudan successfully completed its TNA in 2024.
Sri Lanka
Among the outcomes from the TNA is a recommendation to introduce low-interest credit schemes for mitigation technologies.
St Kitts and Nevis
In its NDC, St. Kitts and Nevis underlines the importance of protecting the water, agricultural and coastal zone sectors for reasons of social and economic sustainability.
Sudan
The TNA revealed that use of inefficient technologies are resulting in the unnecessary burning of wood. Accordingly, the TNA has highlighted the need to relieve pressure on the forests through technologies such as improved stoves and efficient boilers.
Suriname
The TNA identified prioritized technologies for sectors like water, agriculture, and infrastructure, and the development of Technology Action Plans (TAPs) that outline specific actions for implementation, barrier reduction, and funding.
Tanzania
Tanzania's new Technology Action Plan for the water sector identifies smart water meters as a key priority for Tanzania to address the widespread problem of water that is lost before reaching the consumer.
Thailand
In 2012, Thailand completed its first Technology Needs Assessment, focusing on key sectors such as water, agriculture, and energy.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
The TNA stressed the need for optimizing water usage in Jordan’s agriculture sector by implementing drip and subsurface irrigation. The Technology Action Plan details a project to introduce this technology, which aims at irrigating 60,000 ha by 2030 through capacity-building programmes and attractive financial subsidies for farmers and landowners.
The Solomon Islands
The TNA has supported the country in identifying key technologies that can strengthen the island's resilience to climate change, as well as mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste needs to build resilience in agriculture and livestock to ensure its food security; water resources; human health; biodiversity; and ecosystems adapted to natural disasters.
Togo
Two of the technologies highlighted in the TNA are agricultural land management and integrated agriculture production systems, both aimed at building climate resilience in the agriculture sector.
Tonga
Tonga’s NDC focuses on the energy sector, with a plan to increase electricity generation from renewable energy sources for mitigation, the protection of coastal zones, public infrastructure and foreshores, and buildings and houses for adaptation. Transport, agriculture and waste management constitute other sectors that the country aims to focus on in order to reduce carbon emissions.
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago’s TNA differs from other countries in the region by focusing primarily on mitigation, with adaptation treated in a more holistic way to increase resilience in all sectors.
Tunisia
By expanding on pre-existing national strategies in Tunisia, the TNA recommends increasing conservation agriculture practices. The Technology Action Plan details a project to implement this suggestion. The goal is to increase the area under conservation agriculture from its current 12,000 ha to 33,000 ha by 2025 and 180,000 ha by 2030, ultimately reaching 350,000 ha by 2050. This ambition will leverage the potential of conservation agriculture to ensure the sustainability of the grain system and improve current and future food security.
Tuvalu
Tuvalu has finalized its TNA in 2024, supporting the Small Island Developing State in identifying climate technologies and pathways for their uptake, ultimately strengthening climate ambition and action in the country.
Uganda
The TNA process enabled Uganda to identify priority sectors, evaluate barriers to technology adoption, and develop actionable strategies to support the uptake and diffusion of climate technologies.
Ukraine
Ukraine has finalized its TNA process. It has developed Technology Needs Assessments, Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework reports, Technology Action Plans as well as Policy Briefs, for adaptation and mitigation.
Uruguay
One of the outcomes of the TNA has been the identification and selection of wave energy as a highly relevant technology to be included in Uruguay's mitigation efforts. Preliminary estimates shows that, by incorporating wave energy into its renewable energy mix, Uruguay could potentially reduce emissions by 318,000 tCO2e per year.
Vanuatu
Vanuatu has finalized its TNA in 2023.
Venezuela
Venezuela has pledged a 20% reduction in CO₂ emissions by 2030. These targets are integrated into Venezuela’s broader national development plan, which emphasizes environmental protection and sustainable development.
Vietnam
The TNA emphasized integrated coastal zone management as one of the priority areas for adaptation in Vietnam. The construction of sea dykes, wetland rehabilitation and flood warning systems is essential in increasing the country’s resilience to the increasing impacts of sea-level rises, typhoons and flooding.
Yemen
The Yemen started on its TNA process in 2020 as part of the TNA IV project, at which point it has decided its priority sectors and technologies for both mitigation and adaptation. Over the past years, the country assessed barriers and identified measures for priority technologies. Yemen successfully completed its TNA in 2024.
Zambia
Based on the outcomes of the TNA, a large-scale project has been launched to support the Government of Zambia’s renewable energy feed-in tariff (REFIT) policy. With funding from the Green Climate Find, it will provide technical assistance, support local financial institutions and build the capacity for rural electrification. The project has a lifespan of 23 years, and it is anticipated that emissions of 4,000,000 tCO2e will be avoided.
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